The Problem: Near-Misses Go Unreported
A driver spots a deteriorating road shoulder on a regular route. A loader notices a trailer coupling showing wear. A scheduler realises a roster pattern is creating fatigue risk. In most operations, these observations are mentioned verbally — if at all — and never formally recorded.
Why hazards go unreported:

No easy way to document them in the moment

Paper forms are inconvenient and get lost

Drivers don't see anything happen as a result of reporting

No feedback loop — reports disappear into a black hole

Reporting feels like extra admin, not a safety contribution
The result: risks that could have been controlled before an incident are only discovered after one occurs. Under HVNL reforms, SMS Outcome Area 2 (Risk Management) requires evidence of proactive hazard identification — auditors will look for a systematic process to identify risks before they materialise, not just react to incidents after the fact.